{"id":1755,"date":"2025-06-03T18:34:14","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T15:34:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/substance-and-alcohol-use-disorders\/"},"modified":"2025-10-10T22:44:13","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T19:44:13","slug":"substance-and-alcohol-use-disorders","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/en\/substance-and-alcohol-use-disorders\/","title":{"rendered":"SUBSTANCE AND ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1755\" class=\"elementor elementor-1755 elementor-692\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ade9021 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2ade9021\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6870b08e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6870b08e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56b8225d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"56b8225d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"681\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-22-681x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1662\" alt=\"gallery agiairiniclinic 22 scaled\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-22-681x1024.webp 681w, https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-22-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-22-768x1154.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-22-1022x1536.webp 1022w, https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-22-1363x2048.webp 1363w, https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-22-scaled.webp 1704w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 681px) 100vw, 681px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70b0fad4 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"70b0fad4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-10-1024x670.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1669\" alt=\"gallery agiairiniclinic 10\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-10-1024x670.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-10-300x196.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-10-768x502.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-10-1536x1005.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/gallery-agiairiniclinic-10.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18385ace e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18385ace\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-226ef2d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"226ef2d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThere are various substances of use and misuse that can lead to dependence, including alcohol, heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, and others.<br><br>The causes of substance and alcohol use disorders involve a complex interplay of factors, including:<br><br><strong>Biological factors<\/strong> \u2013 such as individual sensitivities to the effects of certain substances, differences in substance metabolism, cellular adaptations within the central nervous system, chronic exposure to the substance, and increased vulnerability to medical and neuropsychiatric complications resulting from long-term use.<br><br><strong>Psychological factors<\/strong> \u2013 including the presence of co-existing mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, eating disorders, or attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Other predisposing personality traits may include a strong need for sensory stimulation, poor impulse control, difficulty delaying gratification, antisocial tendencies, current or past exposure to severe stress, and the impact of physical health issues such as chronic pain. Substance use often begins as an attempt at self-medication.<br><br><strong>Social factors<\/strong> \u2013 such as peer or friendship influence leading to recreational use, availability of substances at different stages of an individual\u2019s development, and broader socio-economic or political challenges that may be associated with a lack of clear goals and values within society.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><br><br><strong>Genetic factors<\/strong> \u2013 research has shown a hereditary component in alcohol dependence, where specific traits can be genetically transmitted, increasing vulnerability. Higher rates of such disorders are observed in the children of individuals with substance use problems.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69a8a58 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69a8a58\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b293c4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b293c4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Characteristics and Diagnostic Criteria for Substance Use Disorder<\/strong><br \/>According to the American DSM-5 classification system, the main features and diagnostic criteria include:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d16f9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4d16f9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239720a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"239720a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32c7bb5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32c7bb5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Impaired control over substance use<\/strong><br><ol>\r\n \t<li>Using a substance in larger amounts or over a longer period than was initially intended.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Persistent desire to cut down or regulate substance use, with repeated unsuccessful attempts to reduce or stop.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Spending a significant amount of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the effects of the substance.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol><br>Experiencing craving \u2014 an intense desire or urge to use the substance \u2014 which may occur at any time, often in places where the substance was previously obtained or used.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e60214 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0e60214\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fff52b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fff52b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Social impairment<\/strong><br><ol>\r\n \t<li>Recurrent substance use leading to a failure to fulfil major role obligations at work, school, or home.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Continued substance use despite persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or worsened by the effects of the substance.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Giving up or reducing important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of substance use.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2068dbb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2068dbb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a1f765 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0a1f765\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8428ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8428ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Risky use<\/strong><br><ol>\r\n \t<li>Recurrent substance use in situations where it is physically hazardous.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Continuing to use the substance despite being aware of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83b71df e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"83b71df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15cb1bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15cb1bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Pharmacological criteria<\/strong><br><ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Tolerance<\/strong> \u2013 needing markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effect, or experiencing a markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Withdrawal<\/strong> \u2013 experiencing the substance\u2019s withdrawal syndrome, or taking the substance to avoid or relieve withdrawal symptoms.\r\n<em>(Note: neither tolerance nor withdrawal is required for a diagnosis of substance use disorder.)<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9b0c95 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f9b0c95\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93c9d8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93c9d8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Therapeutic Approach to Substance and Alcohol Use Disorders<\/strong><br \/>Treatment includes the use of medication to manage withdrawal symptoms associated with each substance, as well as addressing co-occurring conditions such as anxiety, depression, or psychotic disorders. It also involves psychoeducation, supportive psychotherapy, and other evidence-based interventions aimed at achieving recovery and long-term stability.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0717388 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0717388\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4634893 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4634893\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a750d37 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a750d37\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb657f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb657f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Substance and Alcohol Use Disorders  Treatment \u2013 Supporting the individual in overcoming dependence<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51e799f my-btn elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"51e799f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agiairiniclinic.gr\/en\/frequently-asked-questions-faqs\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">FAQs<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are various substances of use and misuse that can lead to dependence, including alcohol, heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, and others. The causes of substance and alcohol use disorders involve a complex interplay of factors, including: Biological factors \u2013 such as individual sensitivities to the effects of certain substances, differences in substance metabolism, cellular adaptations [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1687,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1755","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Substance and Alcohol Use Disorders | AGIA IRINI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Substance and Alcohol Use Disorders. 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